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Inaituciot Liietaiute SefSes^No* 219 




The 



Story of Io\va 



By INEZ N- McFEE 



PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY 
F. A. OW^EN PUB. CO. - Dansville, N. Y, 

HALL ^ McCREARY - - Chicago. Ill, 




Nlono&vaph 



INSTRUCTOR LITERATURE SERIES 

Five-Cent Classics and Supplementary Readers 

AN especially fine series of little books containing? material needed for Sup- 
plementary Reading and Study. Classified and graded. Large type for 
lower grades. A supply of these books will greatly enrich your school work. 

u:^ This list is constantly being added to. If a substantial number of books are to be 
ordered, or if olher'titles than those shoiun liete are desired, send for latest list. 



FIRST YEAR 
Fables and Myths 

6 Fairy Stories of the Moon. — Afaguire 

27 ^sop's Fables— Part l—A'eiter 

28 ^sop's Fables— Part ll—Keiter 

29 Indian Mj'ths — Bush 
140 Nursery Tales — Taylor 

174 Sun INlN-tlis — Reiter 

175 Norse iyegends, I — Reiter 
Nature 

1 Little Plant People— Part 1— Chase 

2 Little Plant People— Part \\— Chase 
30 Story of a Sunbeam— yl////^r 

31 Kitt3' Mittens and Her Friends- Oaj^ 
History 

32 Patriotic Stories (Story of the ria:;, 

Story of Washington, etc.)-^/w'/7/-; 
Literature 
230 Rhyme and Jingle Reader fur Bej/iiiiitrs 

SECOND YEAR 
Fables and Myths 

33 Stories from Andersen — Taylor 

34 Stories from Grimm — Taylor 

36 I^ittle Red Riding \looi\— Reiter 

37 Jack and the Beanstalk — Reiter 

38 Adventures of a Brownie — Reiter 
i76 Norse Legends, H — Reiter 
Nature 

3 Little Workers (Animal Stories)— 0<Ti<' 

39 Little Wood Friends— 7»/ajj'«^ 

40 Wings and Stings— /A////aa.' , 

41 Story of Wool— il/av«<? , • 

42 Bird Stories from the Yo^\?,~J^llie 
History and Biography ••• 

43 Story of the Mayflower— Tiff Crt^^ 

45 Boyhood of Washington— A'-^z/^r 

164 The Little Brown Baby and Other Babies 

165 Gemila, the Child of the Desert and 

Some of Her Sisters 

166 Louise on the Rhine and in Her New 

Home. {Nos. 164, i6s, 166 are ''Seven 
Little Sisters" by Jane Andre^vs) 

C04 Boyhood of Lincoln — Reiter 

Literature 

ii^2 Child's Garden oiXer^&s— Stevenson 

206 Picture Study Stories for Little Children 
— Cranston 

220 Story of the Christ Q.h\\(\—Husho7uer 

THIRD YEAR 
Fables and Myths 

46 Puss in Boots and Cinderella — Reiter 

47 Greek M3'ths — K'lineensjnith 

102 Thumbeliua and Dream Stories— A'<^?7^r 
146 Sleeping Beauty and Oiher Stories 
177 Legends of the Rhiueland— yl/cCa;^^ 
Nature 
49 Buds, Stems and Fruits — Mayne 

51 Siory oi)^\3iX— Mayne 

52 Story of Glass— iV^awion 



53 Adventures of a Little Walcfdrf]) 

—Mayne 
J35 Little Peoi-.e of the Hills (Dry Air aui! 

Dry .Soil I'lants) — Chase 
203 Little Plant People of the Waterways- 

Chase 
133 Aunt Martha's Corner Cupboard — Part 

I. Story of Tea and the Teacup 

137 Aunt Martha's Corner Cupboard — Part 

II. Story of Sugar, Cofi'ee and Salt. 
I3S Aunt Martha's Corner Cupboard -Part 

III. Story of Rice, Currants and Iloucy 
History and Biography 

4 Story of Washington — Reiter 

7 Storj' of Longfellow — McCabe 
■21 Story of the 'Pil^ihws— Powers 
44 Famous Early Americans (Smith, Stan- 
dish, Penn) — Bush 

54 Story of Columbus — McCabe 

55 Story of Whittier — McCabe 

57 Story of Louisa M. KXcotX.— Bush 

58 Story of Alice and Phoebe Cary—AfcFee 

59 Storj' of the Boston Tea Party -McLahe 
132 Story of Franklin —T^a; 75 

60 Children of the Northland— ^z/jA 

62 Children of the South Lands, I (Florida, 
Cuba, Puerto Rico) — Mcl->e 

63 Children of the South Lands, II (Africa, 
Hawaii, The Philippines)— .l/c/>v 

64 Child Life iu the Colonies— I (New 

Amsterdam ) — Baker 

65 Child Life in the Colonies— II (Pennsyl- 

vania)— />'a^<'r 

66 Child Life in the Colonies— III (Virgin- 

ia)— -fia/ivr 

68 Stories of the Revolution— I (Ethan 

Allen and the Green Mountain Boys) 

69 Stories of the Revolution— II (Around 

Philadelphia)— -l/rc'cz/'^ 

70 Stories of the Revolution— III (Marion, 

the Swamp Fox) — McCabe 

71 Selections from Hiawatha (For 3rd, 4th 

and 5th Grades) 
167 Famous Artists, I— Landseer ami Bon- 

heur. 
Literature 
67 Story of Robinson Crusoe— Bush 

72 Bow-Wow and Mew-Mew— Ofl/-t 

233 Poems Worth Kuowing-Book I-I'rimary 

FOURTH YEAR 
Nature 

75 Story of Coal— iVcA'aw*? 

',6 Story of Wheat— y/rt/?/a;r 

77 Story of Cotton— /^?(>7t'w 

78 Stories of the Backwoods— v^^//^^ 

134 Conquests of Little Plant People- C/io^k- 
136 Peeps into Bird Nooks, 1—McFee 
181 Stories of the Stars— il/c^^'^' 
205 Eyes and No Eyes and the Three Giants 
Continued on third cover 



July, 1912 



INSTRUCTOR LITERATURE SERIES 



THE STORY OF IOWA 



IBy Inez N. McFee 




PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY 

F. A. OWEN CO., DANSVILLE, N. Y. 



HALL & Mccreary Chicago, III. 



.Mil 



Copyright, 1912, by 
F. A. OWEN PUBLISHING CO. 



Story of Iowa 



gCI.A325053 



The Song of Iowa 

(Tune: *' Maryland, My Maryland) 

You ask what land I love the best, Iowa ! 'tis Iowa 

The fairest State of all the west, Iowa ! O Iowa ! 

From yonder Mississippi's stream 

To where Missouri's waters gleam, 

O ! fair it is as poet's dream, Iowa ! in Iowa ! 

See yonder fields of tasseled corn, Iowa ! in low^a ! 

Where plenty fills her golden horn, Iowa ! in Iowa ! 

See how her wondrous prairies shine 

To yonder sunset's purpling line, 

O happy land ! O, laud of mine, Iowa ! O Iowa ! 

And she has maids whose laughing eyes, Iowa ! O Iowa ! 

To him who loves were Paradise, Iowa ! O Iowa ! 

O ! hajjpiest fate that e'er was known, 

Such eyes to shine for one alone. 

To call such beauty all his own, Iowa ! O Iowa ! 

Go read the story of thy past, Iowa ! O Iowa ! 

What glorious deeds, what fame thou hast, Iowa! O 

Iowa ! 
So long as time's great cycle runs. 
Or nation's weep their fallen ones, 
Thou'lt not forget thv patriot sons, Iowa! O Iowa! 

^S. H. M. Byers 



s 
I I 



o 




The Story of Iowa 



EAKLY HISTORY 

The story of Iowa, "The Beautiful Land," is as in- 
teresting as a fairy tale. In the first place no man 
knows how old it is. Thousands of years ago the sea 
covered our beautiful state ; then came what geologists 
term the glacial period, and for a lon^ time she lay 
buried beneath a mass of ice. When both sea and ice 
were gone, strange plants and animals sprung up, and 
thrived in tropical splendor. For it was then very 
warm. Centuries passed and w^ith them came many 
changes. Slowly hills and^valleys, rivers and lakes, 
trees and plants, such as we see today, were fashioned 
by Nature and the hand of Time. The land was ready 
to become the home of man. 

The first people w^ere probably like the Eskimos of 
today. We know very little about them, save that they 
were *'a race of short, stout, flat-featured men and 
women." After them came a people called the Mound 
Builders. Traces of them are found throughout the Mis- 
sissippi Valley. You will read about them in history. 
They left their trail in many parts of Iowa, particularly 
along the low^a and the Des Moines rivers. The mounds 
which they built are mostly on hilltops, or built up in 
the form of terraces.^ It is supposed that they were- 
built for defense against the Indians, but no one really 
knows. Skeletons, stone weapons, pottery, and rude 
stone engravings are found in the mounds. 

By and by the Algonquin Indians of the Atlantic Coast 
came westward. Iowa became one long battle ground 
between this tribe and the Dakotas who drifted east from 



6 THE STORY OF IOWA 

their stronghold in the Eockies. Between these two 
fierce bands the Mound Builders were either crushed or 
driven out. Some think they fled southward, and built 
new homes in Arizona and New Mexico. Anyhow they 
vanished, and the land was left in the hands of the In- 
dians. The Dakotas or Sioux claimed what is now the 
northern part of the state, and the Algonquins or the 
Sacs and Foxes held the region from the mouth of the 
Upper Iowa into Missouri. They were bitter enemies, 
and each sought desperately to drive the other away. 
And no wonder, for Iowa was an ideal home for them. 
*'0n the hills and in the valleys were the deer; on the 
prairies the buffalo. The noble wild turkey dwelt in 
the woods, and the prairie chicken and ruffed grouse 
were on every side, in meadow and in thicket. The 
numerous lakes and streams furnished fish, and afforded 
passage for the bark canoes. The plum and grape were 
to be had for the picking. The hickory-nut and the 
hazel nut were plentiful, and maize waved in the field. ' ' ^ 
America had been discovered almost two hundred years 
before a white man set foot in Iowa. In June, 1G73, 
Father Mar(]uette, a French Missionary, and a Canadian 
trader by the name of Joliet, with five companions whose 
names are not now known, sailed down the "Great Father 
of Waters, ' ' as the Indians called the Mississippi. On 
the right bank of the stream, not far from the mouth of 
the Des Moines Biver, they saw many human footprints 
leading out to a well-beaten path, which led away across 
the prairie. Charmed with the beautiful region there- 
ab(jut, Marquette and Joliet went ashore, leaving the 
others with the canoes. They bravely followed the 
path some five or six miles, until they came within sight 
of an Indian village Then they paused and shouted'. 
Instantly the whole town was in an uproar. Braves and 
*Sabiii : " Tlie Making of Iowa". 



THE STORY OF IOWA 7 

squaws hurried from their tents, and pappooses fairly 
tumbled over one another in their excitement. 

Fuur chiefs at once came forward to meet them. They 
proved to be of the Illini/'' or Illinois trilie, as the 
French wrote it, and spoke in Algonquin, the tongue of 
their fathers. Thuy offered great calumets or peace 
pipes, gayly decorated with feathers. After all had 
smoked in dignified silence, the guests were taken with 
great ceremony to the' village chief. He stood in his 
tent door, pretending to shade his eyes from j:he sun, 
and welcomed them gracefully, saying: "Frenchmen, 
how bright the sun shines when you come to visit us ! 
All our village awaits , and you shall enter our wigwams 
in peace. 

So the explorers entered the village and were feasted 
and made much of. Longfel'ow fancifully pictures this 
scene in the "Song of Hiawatha:"^ 

From the farthest realms of morning 
Came the Black-Robe chief, the Prophet, 
He the Priest of Prayer, the Pale face, 
With his guides and his companions. 

And the noble Hiawatha, 
With his hands aloft extended. 
Held aloft in sign of welcome, 



Cried aloud and spake in this wise : 
"Beautiful is the sun, O strangers, 
When you come so far to see us ! 
All our town in peace awaits you, 
All our doors stand open for you ; 
You shall enter all our wigwams, 
For the heart's right hand w*e give you. 

*The word Illini means "men." By styling themselves Illini 
this tribe meant to say that they were very brave and superior to 
all other people. ' 



8 THE STORY OF IOWA 

Never bloomed tbe earth so gayly, 
Never shone the sun so brightly, 
As today they shiiie and blossom 
When you come so far to see us ! 

And the Black-Eobe chief made answer, 
Stammered in his speech a little, 
Speaking words yet unfamiliar : 
''Peace be with you, Hiawatha, 
Peace be with you and your people, 
Peace of prayer, and peace of pardon, 
Peace of Christ, and joy of Mary !" 

Then the generous Hiawatha 
Led the strangers to his wi^^wam. 
Seated them on skins of bison, 
'Seated them on skins of ermine. 
And the careful old Nokomis 
Brought them food in bowls of basswood, 
Water brought in birchen dipijeis, 
And the calumet, the peace-pipe, 
Filled and lighted for their smoking. 
All the old men of the viHage, 
All the warriors of the nation. 

Came to bid the strangers welcome ; 
"It is well," they said, "O brothers, 
That you come so far to see us !' ' 

The next morning the guests set forth upon their 
journey accompanied by the great chief and sis hundred 
of his men in canoes. Neither Marquette nor JoLet ever 
returned, and more than a hundred years passed before 
white men thought of making Iowa their home. 

In the meantime, Indian fought Indian, and stamped 
their impress here and there in legends and tradition so 



THE STORY OF IOWA 9 

deeply that the storms of Time can never wash them 
away. Countless cities, towns, and rivers owe their 
names to the Red men who were closely associated with 
them in early days. Some of them have their origin 
struck deep in romance. The old town of Quasqueton 
(Kausketon), on the banks of the fair Wapsipinicon in 
Buchanan County, where the writer was born, has spread 
upon its records a pretty tale of Indian truth and faith- 
fulness which concerns the naming of the river 

Kausketon was once an Indian village of importance, 
and here dwelt one of the great chiefs of the Sacs, Good 
Heart, and his fair young daughter Wapsie. One day 
a small party of young warriors were surprised and slain 
by a wandering band of Dakotas in the woods beyond 
the town. Owing to a pestilence which had raged some 
time before, there were not enough able-bodied men left 
in the village to avenge them. So Chief Good Heart 
sent away to the North to his friends the Foxes for aid. 
They came at once, and with them was young Pinicon, 
a noble young brave, son of the Chief of the Foxes. He 
tarried in the lodge of Good Heart long after his war- 
riors had accomplised their mission and returned home ; 
for he had lost his heart to the beautiful dusky Princess 
Wapsie. 

Finally the eve of the marriage day came and Wapsie 
and Pinicon went out upon the river for a pleasant little 
sail. Most beautiful is this river and they drifted along 
slowly, amid the cool shadows and delightful surround- 
ings, listening to the merry evening songs of the birds, 
and talking in low fitful voices of their happiness. 
Suddenly, through the peaceful beauty of the falling 
night, an arrow, from the hand of a jealous young war- 
rior of the Sacs, twanged sharply, striking young Pini- 
con full in the heart. He threw up his arms and fell 
foremost into the stream. For a moment Wapsie sat in 



10 THE STORY OF IOWA 

stupor. Then, as the body of her lover came to the 
surface, she gave one wild, despairing cry and leaped 
to join him. No one ever saw either again. But from 
that time the waters ripplf^d more swiftly and they 
seemed to whisper about the great rock where the tragedy 
occurred, **Wapsie! Wapsie ! Pinicon ! Pinicon !" And 
so the river came finally to be known far and wide as 
^'The Wapsipinicon. " 

Many Iowa counties bear names which stand as monu- 
ments to Indian chiefs, both good and bad : Black Hawk 
County recalls the memory of the great warrior leader of 
the Sacs and Foxes. While he opposed the sale of lands 
to the whites, and was the chief spirit in the struggle 
known as the Black Hawk War, he was honest in his 
motives, and may be considered a good Indian. **He 
never drank liquor, and tried to prevent the whites from 
supplying it to other Indians. He had only one wife, 
and dearly loved his family. He was not cruel, and 
practised none of the tortures of which savages are 
fond.'^' 

Keokuk County and the city of that name represent 
Black Hawk's rival, the great chief Keokuk, the "man 
of peace. ' ' Like the watchful fox for whom he was 
named, he was very shrewd and quick-witted. He 
thought it folly to try to fight the whites when they 
wished to become settlers, and he made his braves think 
so too. He was not a chief by birth, but he gained a 
high position on account of his cunning and his power 
as an orator. In one of the treaties which he signed 
his name is spelled Keeokuk, and after it is written * ' he 
who has been everywhere. ' ' The government set him 
above Black Hawk. But he was not so great an Indian 
as this noble chief. He had too many vices. He was 
fond of all sorts of shows, had three or four wives, a 

*Sabin 



THE STORY OF IOWA II 

number of fast horses, and loved whiskey better than 
any thing else. He died from the effects of drink. 

Mahaska County preserves the memory of the famous 
Chief of the lowas. He was a noble warrior and a wise 
man. His favorite wife Rant-che-wai-me, which means 
*' flying pigeon," was much loved by her people. They 
called her the *'beautiful-female-eagle-that-flies in-the- 
air. " The story is told that once Mahaska set out with 
a party of braves to visit the city of Washington. For 
some reason he tarried behind the others to cook him- 
self some venison. As he stooped over the fire by the 
wayside something struck him in the back. He looked 
up quickly and there stood Eant-che-wai-me, with up- 
lifted tomahawk. She demanded that Mahaska take 
her with him to the ''American b'g house," so that she 
might see and shake the hand of In-co-ho-nee, "the 
American great father. ' ' He was glad to consent, and 
the two journeyed on happily together. At Washing- 
ton the beautiful, dusky-eyed princess attracted a great 
deal of attention. But she did not like many of the 
ways of the pale-faces. She thought them wicked. On 
her return home she called the women of her lodge to- 
gether and gave them a solemn talk and warning against 
ever trying to live as their white sisters did. 

The counties of Winnebago, Cherokee, Chickasaw, 
Sac, Sioux, and Pottawattamie are named for well- 
known Indian tribes. Winneshiek County represents 
the great Chief of the Winnebagoes. Waukon County 
preserves the name of another distinguished Winnebago 
Chief, who was a great orator and a friend of the white 
men. Wapello County stands as a monument to the head 
Chief of the Foxes. The name means "he-who-is^ 
painted white. ' ' He was a great orator and favored 
peace with the pale faces. Aj^panoose County owes its 
name to the warrior who ruled a certain band of Sacs. 



12 THE STORY OF IOWA 

His village was the site of the present city of Ottumwa. 
The story is told, in Sabin's "Making of Iowa," that 
once Appanoose visited Boston, and called upon the 
Governor of Massachusetts. In reply to a speech made 
by the governor, he said : 

"As far as I can understand the language of the 
white people, it appears to me that the Americans Jiave 
attained a very high rank among white people. It is 
the same with us, though I say it myself. Where we 
lived, beyond the Mississippi, I am respected by all 
people, and they consider me the tallest among them. 
I am happy that two great men meet and shake hands 
with each other. " And he reached out and shook hands 
with the governor. 

Iowa County, Iowa Eiver, Iowa Cit^v , and the name 
of the State itself comes from a band of Dakotas who 
called themselves Ay ou ways ^lowa) or Dusty Noses. 
Their chief village was in the far northwest corner of 
Yan Buren County, where the town of lowaville now 
stands. They were brave and intelligent Indians, but 
aliens from their tribe because one of their chiefs was 
once treacherously slain along the Iowa River by a band 
of the Sioux or Dakotas. They were massacred by the 
Sacs and Foxes and ceased to be a part of history in 
1823. 

THE FIRST WHITE SETTLER 

In the year 1788 a young Frenchman, by the name of 
Julien Dubuque, came down from Canada in search of 
adventure. He stopped at Prairie du Chien, '*"' in Wis- 
consin, just above the mouth of the Wisconsin river, 
and started a trading post across the Mississippi, 
where the beautiful little city of McGregor now stands. 
The Foxes who came to trade with him had lead ore 

* The name Prairie du Chien originally meant "dog prairie." 



THE STORY OF IOWA 13 

which they had dug from the ground in a region about 
sixty miles to the southward. Young Dubuque was in- 
terested in this. He saw a chance to win great riches, 
and made a bargain with three of the leading chiefs of 
the Sacs and Foxes for the right to work these lead 
mines. 

With ten companions who were to aid him in the 
mines, he then moved down the river and settled in the 
camp of the Fox warrior, Chief Kettle, at the mouth of 
Catfish Creek, about two miles below where the present 
city of Dubuque now stands. Here he built a cabin, 
planted garden, set up a lead smelter, and otherwise 
made himself comfortable. 

He soon became a great friend of the Indians. They 
called him ''Little Cloud," and looked upon him as a 
magician and a big medicine man. He kept them in 
awe of him by performing several seeming miracles. 
On one occasion he greatl.y frightened the Foxes by set- 
ting the creek on fire. This was done by having his 
men secretly pour oil on the water above the village. 
It spread out in a thin coating on the surface, and 
blazed up with a great heat and splutter when he touched 
a match to it. 

"Dubuque kept a rude general store, where he ex- 
changed cloth and beads and whatever else he thought 
best, for furs and lead. Onlj^ the old men and the 
women did the mining, the braves considered it undigni- 
fied to work. Mining was carried on in a very simple 
fashion. The Indians dug into the hills as far as they 
could, and bore away the ore in baskets. ' ' * 

Twice each year Dubuque loaded his goods into boats 

and went (Jown the river to the St. Louis market. He 

was always accompanied by a band of proud chiefs and 

braves in the gayest paints and feathers. And you may 

* Sabin 



14 THE STORY OF IOWA 

be sure the flotilla attracted a great deal of attention ! 
Dubuque himself was a small, wiry man, exceedingly 
gallant and polite when in the company of ladies. So- 
ciety at St. Louis always welcomed him eagerly and 
gave balls in his honor. Great crowds assembled to 
greet the boats, when the rifles of the Indians announced 
their approach. 

Dubuque died in 1810, a poor man, in spite of his 
rich lead mines and his wonderful opportunities for fur 
trading. The Indians burierl him with every possible 
honor. Chiefs and warriors from all the country around 
gathered and escorted his remains to the grave, which 
had been made on a high bluff, two hurdred feet above 
*'the Great Father of Waters." Here the mightiest 
orators among the Eed brethern spoke in his praise, 
and the women chanted mournful funeral songs. Later 
they sheltered the grave with a rude stone-walled, 
wooden-roofed tomb, marked with a cedar cross, which 
it is said that Dubuque himself made. 

For many years the Sacs and Foxes firmly believed 
that Dubuque would return to them, and as long as it 
were jxjssible to do so they visited his grave once a year. 
They would never allow any one else to work his mines. 

OTHER EARLY SETTLERS 

Shortly after Dubuque built his cabin, a friend by the 
name of Basil Gaillard, whom he had met at Prairie du 
Chien, came to be his neighbor. He obtained a tract* 
of 5,760 acres in what is now Clayton Count}^ in and 
around the prosperous city of McGregor, and here he 
V\ed for many years among the wild scenes of this prac- 
tically unknown country. He traded with the Indians 
and made frequent trips to St. Louis, much the same as 

* The heirs of Gaillard sold this now princely property for thg 
sum of 1^300. vSonie records give the name Gaillard as Giard. 



THE STORY OF IOWA 15 

did his friend Dubuque. No doubt the two men of often 
exchanged visits, and had many interesting adventures 
together. But no record of this is left to history. 

Far to the southward of Dubuque, on the present site 
of the town of Montrose in Lee County, another French- 
man settled in ]799. His name was Louis Honori. The 
title to his land, which he secured some years later from 
the governor of the Louisiana territory, is the oldest 
title to Iowa soil. Strangely enough, too, it is said to 
include the spot where Marquette and Joliet, the first 
white men to see Iowa soil, landed. Honori improved 
his land more than either of his "neigiibors, " but he 
failed as a trader and was forced to sell out and leave. 

Another settler and trader who had much to do with 
the early history of the country was George Davenport. 
He was an Englishman, famous for his many adventures 
on sea and land. He made himself a home on Kock Is- 
land, not far from the city which now bears his name. 
Here he opened friendly relations with the Sacs, the 
Foxes, and the Winnepagoes, journeying by boat along 
many inland streams to trade with them. He had posts 
at Burlington, and along the Iowa, Maquoketa, and 
Wapsipioicon rivers. The Indians loved him, and after 
his death they used to visit his grave every year to hold 
a service in his memory. 

Other French traders traveled here and there over the 
state. They made no attempt to till the soil, and gener- 
ally left their claims in a few months time. Chief 
among these was the half-breed Le Claire. He was a 
famous scout, trapper, and trader. He spoke fourteen 
different Indian tongues, besides French and English, 
and was often employed as an interpreter. He had a 
hand in almost every important treaty made between the 
Indians and the whites within the borders of Iowa. 
He was one of the founders of Davenport and a good 



16 THE STORY OP IOWA 

business man. Chief Black Hawk and he were warm 
friends. 

Many large eastern fur companies, who had head- 
quarters at St. Louis, built cabins for trading posts 
here and there, along most of the principal streams, and 
stationed agents there to barter for furs and to supply 
the Indians w4th goods. Sometimes cabins grew up 
around the trading post and a town was begun. Then 
the trading post became the principal store where the 
settler could satisfy his wants. Here was to be found 
"molasses, hams, corn Eio coffee, codfish, tobacco, 
soap, candles, whisky, brandy, gin, beer, wine, powder, 
shot, caps, gun wadding, indigo, glass, nails, etc." — 
a regular wonderland department store ! From such posts 
rose the present cities of Ottumwa, Sioux City, Council 
Blutfs, Raccoon Forks (Des Moines), and others. 

INDIAN TROUBLES 

Perhaps you know something about the great tract of 
land which the United States bought from France, -in 
1803, at the cost of a little less than two and one-half 
cents per acre. It was called the Louisiana Purchase, 
and w^as larger in area than the whole of the United 
States had been before. If you will draw a heavy line 
down the Rocky Mountains, on any United States map, 
till you come to the northern boundary of Texas, follow 
it across to the Mississii)pi, thence up the river to the 
Canadian border and back across to the mountains, you 
will have the area which this purchase covered. (How 
many states and territo have since been carved out 
of it for the Union?) 

Settlers flocked into the new country thick and fast, 
but for some reason they missed Iowa, midway up the 
eastern boundar3\ Illinois on the east and Missouri on 
the south were settled and admitted to the Union, while 



THE STORY OF IOWA 17 

Iowa's beaatil'ul prairies and woodlands still belonged to 
the Red men and the fur traders. The few white settlers 
and hulf-breeds whose cabins surrounded the trading 
jjosts were there by ijermission of the Indians. 

For a long time Iowa was not of enough importance 
to be included under any real government. Finally the 
United States began to send out agents to the trading 
posts to represent the government and to watch over and 
advise the Eed men. Petty grievances could not be 
carried directly from the agents to Washington, so Iowa 
was jumbled in with the great territory of Indiana, which 
was then under the watchful eye of William Henry 
Harrison. Later it was shifted about for convenience 
to the government of Missouri Territory, thence to Michi- 
gan, then to Wisconsin, and finally, in 1838, it became 
known as Iowa Territory."^ Wise and able Robert Lu- 
cas, of Ohio, was the first territorial governor. The 
first legislature met in the old Methodist church at 
Burlington. 

Five years before her organization into a territory, Iowa 
had been opened for settlement in the "Black Hawk 
Purchase." This was a strip of land about fifty miles 
in width, extending along the Mississippi River almost 
the full length of tlie state. How the government got 
this land is a long story which leads backward over a 
trail of blood. 

Shortly after the Louisiana Purchase, some of the 
Sac and Fox chiefs went down to St. Louis, as delegates 
to confer with the government, and while there signed a 
treaty giving up a large tract of land east of the Mis- 
sissippi. They returned to their home at Saukenuk, a 
large Indian village at the angle of the Mississippi and 
Rock rivers, near where Rock Island city stands, and for 

^ Iowa Territory was made up of the present states of Iowa, Min- 
nesota west of the Mississippi River, and the Dakotas east of the 
White Earth and Missouri rivers. 



18 THE STORY OF IOWA 

some days kept very quiet. They were ashamed of what 
they had done. They looked about at the beautiful 
maize fields rippling in the breeze, at the wood-clothed 
hills, at the green fruitful islands which dotted the 
rivers, and thought with sorrow of the vast hunting- 
ground, the game and the fish which would soon be 
theirs no longer. Then the secret leaked out. 

Black Hawk and other big chiefs were very angry. 
They said that the delegates had no right to sign a treat.y, 
and hinted that they had been made drunk and tricked 
into signing the papers. They said that the good 
spirit, '*■ which dwelt in a cave under the rocks near Rock 
Island, would be angry with them for leaving the hunt- 
ing-grounds and graves of their fathers, and that no 
good would come of it. They tried very hard to break 
the treaty, but Congress would not listen. She would 
never have thought of allowintr her delegates to make a 
treaty without her having a chance to see it, but such a 
course was all right for Indians. She said, however, 
that the Red men need not give up their land until it 
was actually sold to settlers. They might roam where 
they pleased, so long as they were peaceable. This was 
some satisfaction to the Indians, and they made up their 
minds to make the best of the bad bargain. 

But the government did not keep faith with them. 
In 1808 they sent a small body of soldiers to build a 
fort on the site where Fort Madison now stands. This 
was Indian land, entirely outside of the treaty. The 
Red men rose in bitter anger. The pale-faces had no 
rights of any kind west of the river, and they deter- 
mined to drive them back. But the soldiers represented 
that they had not come to build a fort. They were only 
going to put up a fine trading post, where the red war- 

*The Indians who were fortunate enough to catch a gliinpse of 
this spirit said that it looked like a swan, with great beautiful 
wings of dazzling whiteness. 



THE STORY OF IOWA 19 

riors might obtain all the blankets and whisky they 
wanted. It was queei work for soldiers ! And the In- 
dians knew it. But they did not feel justified in attack- 
ing them in the face of such open friendliness. So they 
contented themselves with keeping the soldiers scared 
out of their wits most of the time. 

It seems that Lieutenant Kingsley and his men arrived 
too late to get "the trading post" built before winter 
came on. They set up camp and built a high picket 
fence, or palisade, around it for protection. Then they 
went busily to work cutting timber and getting ready to 
build. The Indians used to come and climb up on old 
stumps or boxes, at all hours of the day and night, and 
peer frowningly over the palisades at the soldiers. No 
doubt many a trooper felt his heart grow numb withim 
him as he caught sight of one of these grim watchers, 
and heartily wished himself safely back East ! On one 
occasion, while the soldiers were cutting timber, with 
their muskets laid near by, Black Hawk and several 
other warriors, who lay hidden in the brush near, sneaked 
up and seized the guns. Then they gave a blood curd- 
ling yell. The soldiers tumbled over each other to reach 
their arms, but could not find them. Black Hawk and 
his men thought this a fine ]oke. They watched in 
silent glee for a time^ then stalked out from their hid- 
ing places and grimly handed back the weapons. 

So the winter passed. Spring came, and the fort and 
three block houses went up with a rush, and were en- 
closed behind a strong stockade. '"^ Then the soldiers 
felt safer. But they did not get much comfort out of 
the situation even yet. 

Soon word came that the Indians were planning to 
attack them. A pretty Sac maiden, who was in love 

* The site where they stood was within a third of a mile from 
where the Fort Madison state penitentiary now is. 



20 THE STORY OF IOWA 

with one of the officers, overheard the plot aucl hastened 
to tell it to her sweetheart. She said that certain of the 
chiefs and braves were to call at the block-house, one by 
one, that evening as they were in the habit of doing. 
After they were safely inside, a crowd of warriors was to 
draw near and give a dance for the entertainment of the 
soldiers. They were to work their way close up to the 
stockade, when at a given signal, those inside were to 
throw open the doors, and the work of butchery was to 
begin. 

Forewarned is forearmed. When the callers arrived 
they were welcomed heartily and put at ease. Soon the 
dancers appeared and whirled merrily toward the fort. 
The chief gave the signal agreed upon and the door of 
the nearest block-house flew open with promptness. But 
lo! instead of the bloody carnage which they expected 
to see, the warriors faced a cannon. It changed their 
plans in a hurry, and they melted swiftly out of sight. 
The surprised chiefs within were relieved of their weap- 
ons and allowed to depart. They did not know how the 
white chiefs learned the plot, and thought that there 
must be a magician among them who could read men's 
thoughts ! After this they were more w^arj-, but they did 
not give up the idea of finally driving the Americans from 
the field. Daily they thought up new methods with 
w^hich to frighten them. 

So matters ijrogrossed for three years. Lieutenant 
Kingsley was relieved of the command and left, rejoic- 
ing to get away with a whole scalp. Captain Clark, 
who followed him, had even a more serious time. Sev- 
eral whites were killed near the fort and the property of 
trappers and traders was desti-oyed. Then Lieutenant 
Hamilton succeeded to the comm;ind. The United States 
was now engaged in the war of 1812. They had little 
time to think of Fort Madison. The Indians knew this 



I 



THE STORY OF IOWA 21 

and grew bolder and bolder. Finally a band of two 
hundred Sacs, Foxes, and Winnebagoes surrounded the 
fort and amused themselves by shooting lire arrows at 
the roof, burning the out-buildings, killing the stock, 
and rooting up the corn fields. Lieutenant Hamilton's 
situation was desperate. He sent for help to St. Louis, 
but he soon found that he could not wnit for it to ar- 
rive. He must leave the foit if he wished to save their 
scalps. So a trench was secretly dug from the southeast 
block-house to the river. The soldiers crept through 
this on their hands and knees and thus got away to their 
boats on the river. The last man out fired the build- 
ings, but the Indians did not discover the blaze until 
ihe garrison was far down the river. This was the end 
of old Fort Madison. 

But it did not end the Indian troubles. Spurred on 
by this victory and the fiery speeches of Black Hawk 
and other chiefs who burned with the wrongs done them, 
the Indians took up the tomahawk in earnest. The 
struggle which followed was called the Black Hawk 
War. It ended by a total defeat of the tribes engaged 
in a battle at the mouth of the Bad Axe Eiver, in Wis- 
consin. Black Hawk was captured through the treachery 
of some Winnebagoes, and taken to Prairie du Chien. 
From here he was conveyed to Jefferson Barracks, at St. 
Louis. Young Lieut. Jefferson Davis, afterward Presi- 
dent of the Southern Confederacy, had him in charge. 
He was in prison a long time. Then the authorities had 
him taken on a long tour through the East to show him 
how powerful the United States was. After this, worn 
out and broken in spirit by his failure and the fact that 
his rival, Keokuk, had been set above him by the govern- 
ment, he returned to Lee County and built a cabin for 
himself and family on Devil's Creek. But he was not 
contented here, and soon followed his friends to their 



22 THE STORY OF IOWA 

new quarters along the Des Moines river. He built a 
home about 100 feet from the north bank of the river, 
near lowaville, close to the spring which is now identified 
as Black Hawk's spring. Here he passed the remainder 
of his life in peace and quiet happiness with his family. 
He was a great lover of Nature, and Black Hawk's Watch 
Tower is the name borne b^^ the lofty summit overlook- 
ing the Rock River where he used to sit smoking and 
gazing out over the country for hours at a time. 

Black Hawk's tribe was scattered to the four winds. 
Most of the braves passed beyond to the ' 'happy hunting 
grounds." The United States took the land which had 
been theirs. This was the "Black Hawk Purchase." 
In payment they provided the widows and children of 
the braves with cattle, salt, pork, flour, and corn ; took 
up the debt of forty thousand dollars which these people 
owed to the Indian traders, Davenport and Farnham ; 
and agreed to distribute twenty thousand dollars among 
the tribe each year for the next thirty years. 

After the opening of the Black Hawk Purchase, it was 
only a few years until the Indians lost their foothold ia 
the state which they loved so well. The last treaty was 
signed at Agency City, six miles east of the present site 
of Ottumwa. Sabin has the following to say about it :, 

''John Chambers, governor of Iowa Territory, con- 
ducted the matter for the government. The governor 
was attired in the showj- uniform of a brigadier general 
of the United States army, so that the Indians, who 
loved display, might be impressed. He and his aides 
were on a platform, elevated slightly, at one end of the 
tent. In front of the platform was a row of seats for 
the chiefs. Between the governor's party and the chiefs 
stood the interpreter. The Indians wore their best. 
Each had a new blanket, purchased at the agency store, 
and paint, feathers and beads added to the array of 



t 



THE STORY OF IOWA 23 

colors. Leggins were of white deerskin. Bracelets on 
wrists and rings in ears jingled when the savages moved. 
As a mark of dignity the chiefs bore elaborately dec- 
orated war clubs. The Indians talked, and the gover- 
nor talked. The words of eacli speaker were translated 
that all might understand. The Indian orators spoke 
of the beautiful meadows, the running streams, the 
sycamore and walnut trees, and all other dear things 
they were called on to deliver over to the white man. 
They told of moon and stars, wind and rain and sun, 
better than any other country afforded. They asserted 
no land was so attractive as Iowa. 

Shortly afterward the Indians made ready to leave for 
hunting grounds farther west. They were sore at heart. 
The winter jast passed had been a hard one. The medi- 
cine men said that it was because Manitou was angry 
with them for selling the land of their fathers. They 
held a number of solemn ceremonies to appease the Spirit 
and to bid farewell to the graves of their dead. Then 
they mounted their half-starved ponies and turned with 
tear-filled eyes for a last look at their once happy home. 
Imagine the sad band filing away across the prairie with 
heavy hearts, and bowed heads hidden in their blank- 
ets !* One can not help a throb of pity for them, even 
when we know that they were happier in their new 
homes than they would have been had they remained. 
For the country was settling rapidly and the ways of the 
white men were not their ways. The two nations could 
not live in the same land ; the weaker was forced to 
yield to the stronger, according to the custom since 
Time began. 

*There are left in the Tama Indian Reservation, along the Iowa 
River in Tama County, about 400 Indians. These are descendants 
from the Sacs and Foxes who refused to join in Black Hawk's war. 
They are called Musquakies, a name meaning "deserters" Some 
2000 acres of land are held in trust for them by the government. 



24 THE STORY OF IOWA 

SPEECH OF WAUKON 

The following speech of the great Winnebago chief, 
to an officer who sought to buy land of him, is a sample 
of Indian oratory, and shows the position taken by those 
high-minded chiefs : 

*' Brother, you say our Great Father sent you to us, 
to buy our country. ^*We do not know what to think 
of our Great Father's sending: to us so often buy our 
country. He seems to think so much of land that he 
must be always looking down to the earth. 

"Brother, you say you have seen many Indians, but 
you have never seen one yet who owns the land. The 
land all belongs to the Oreat Spirit. He made it. He 
owns it all. It is not the red man's to sell. 

''Brother, the Great Spirit hears us now. He always 
hears us. He heard us when our Great Father told us 
if we would sell him our country on the Wisconsin, he 
would never ask us to sell him another country. We 
brought our council hres to the Mississippi. We came 
across the great river, and built our lodges on the Turkey 
and the Cedar. We have been here but a few days ; 
and you ask us to move again. We supposed our Father 
pitied his children ; but he cannot, or he would not 
wish so often to take our land from us. 

"You ask me. Brother, where the Indians are gone 
who crossed the Mississippi a few years ago. You know 
and we know where they are gone. They are gone to 
the country where the white man can no more interfere 
with them. Wait, Brother, but a few years longer, and 
this little remnant will be gone too; — gone to the In- 
dians' home behind the clouds, and then you can have 
our country without buying it. 

"Brother, we do not know how you estimate the value 
of land. When you bought our land before, we do not 
think we got its- value. 



THE STORY OF IOWA 25 

"Brother, I have spoken to you for my nation. We 
do not wish to sell our country. We have but one opin- 
ion. We never change it. " 

— Fro'ii Salter's ''Iowa: the First Free State in the 
Louisiana Purchase. ' ' 

IOWA PIONEEES 

When the tide of immigration finally set in toward 
Iowa, the state was peopled as if by raagic. The papers 
of 1854 were filled with long accounts of the vast crowds 
which filed in from the east and south. "The roads 
^ere thronged with teams, and the groves and woodlauds 
and prairies were alive with figures, and white with tents 
8iid canvas-topped wagons. Ferries over the Mississippi, 
were busy day and night conveying the pioneers from 
Illinois to Iowa. '^' ''' "' '^ Oskalloosa reports that 
at least a thousand persons i)ass through every week, 
bound westward. Three hundred buildings go up in a 
season at Davenport. Seven hundred immigrants a day 
travel over the Burlington liiglnvay. It is estimated that 
in thirty days 20,000 traverse the vicinity of Burlington. 
The boats on the Ohio and Mississippi are packed. Six 
hundred persons go through St. Louis by river in a day. 
The trains that pull into Chicago with passengers for 
the Mississippi, are double headers. In six days twelve 
thousand passengers from the East arrive in Chicago 
destined for Iowa and the West."* 

And never was there a hardier, braver, more intelli- 
gent and enterprising class of people ! The million and 
a half of citizen which today make up our commonwealth 
give little thought to the privations and hardships which 
their forefathers endured in making the state, in every 
sense of the word, true to its name — "the beautiful 
land." Let us take, for one moment, a backward peep: 
*Sabin's "The Making of Iowa" 



2(J THE STORY OF IOWA 

In the first place there were no roads. The settlers 
drove their creaking, canvas-topped "Prairie Mayflow- 
ers'* here and there, making their own highways and 
byways, across the prairies and through the woods, 
fording the creeks and streams, and occasionally miring 
down in some slough or spongy stretch of faintly out- 
lined trail. When a spot which satisfied their ideas of 
home was reached the claim was paced off and marked by 
stakes and blazed tree trunks. Then the work of build- 
ing the cabin was begun. If haste was necessary, some- 
times a rude three-faced shelter was put up. This con- 
sisted of three walls, about seven feet high, made by 
laying one log upon another. It was roofed with poles, 
covered with boards split from logs,, or with a thatch 
of prairie grass. The open side served for both win- 
dows and door, and here a roaring fire burned in chilly 
weather. 

The cabin took a little longer in the making,, though 
it, too, was put together without nails. The spaces be- 
tween the logs were chinked with small sticks and 
daubed plentifully outside and inside with clay. A 
great fireplace of logs, covered with clay, earth, and 
stones took up the most of one side. The windows were 
mere shutters, hung on wooden hinges. The door also 
had wooden hinges, and was kept closed by a wooden 
latch. A buckskin string was fastened to the catch and 
passed outside through a hole. When "the latch string 
was out," the catch could easily be opened. And it was 
nearly always out, for the early settlers had no need to 
lock their doors, unless in times when an Indian scare 
was raised. These were very few, as most of the In- 
dians had drifted farther West before the settlers came 



*ln 1852, thirty-two people were massacred by the Sioux near 
Spirit Lake in Northwestern Iowa. It is the one bloody stain be- 
tween the settlers and the Indians. 



THE STORY OF IOWA 27 

The f uniishiDgs of the cabin were very simple. There 
were no rugs or carpets. Indeed there was seldom any- 
thing but a dirt floor. There was one or more "one- 
legged beds, ' ' made by driving a stake in the ground 
about three or four feet from the wall and six or seven 
feet from one end of the cabin. Poles extended from 
the stake to the walls, thus furnishing the framework of 
the bed. On these were laid strips of boards, spread 
with boughs, leaves and sweet-smelling grasses, and 
covered with blankets and skins. There was a rude 
home-made table, some boxes, and square-sawed stumps 
for stools. Sometimes there was a splint-bottomed 
rocker and a loom. Table dishes and cooking utensils 
were very few. The fireplace served for a stove. Corn 
meal was the principal food. Honey was plentiful and 
there was game and fish for every one. The boy of the 
family was expected to furnish the last-named articles, 
and great fun it was too. 

The first crop was planted with a great deal of labor. 
If the land was timber, the trees had to be cut, the 
brush piled and burned, and the land plowed among the 
stumps — a job which required no end of patience from 
both man and beast. Prairie land was often so tough 
and grass-bound that it could not be plowed with the 
poor tools at the settler's command. He frequently 
planted his corn by chopping out clefts in the ground 
with an axe. The roots of the growing corn un- 
dermined and loosened the suW and it could then be 
easily plowed with the ox teams, providing the settler 
knew how to manage these awkward and often unruly 
animals. Usually several yoke of oxen were harnessed 
together in a string. A ' ' blacksnake, ' ' sometimes thirty 
feet in length, was needed to guide them, and it took 
considerable skill to manage this great whip. If you 
ever tried to crack a blacksnake you will know something 



28 THE STORY OF IOWA 

about this. The green driver's first attempt usually 
ended in winding the long lash about the neck of one 
of the surprised, rebellious oxen. Sabin says that "The 
boy who from the plow could cut a fly from the neck of 
the 'off leader' was looked upon with much respect. " 

When the corn was gathered, some of it had to be 
ground into meal, This was done in the very early 
days by a "mortar and pestle." Usually the mortar 
was nothing more than a carefully made hollow in the 
top of a stump. The pestle was a heavy, rounded, wooden 
sledge, or hammer, which was used to pound and crush 
the corn. Soon mills sprung up here and there and the 
settler hauled his corn to them in the slow going ox cart. 
Sometimes they were so far away that the trip took two 
or three days and was attended with all sorts of dangers. 
When the writer was a little girl one of her favorite 
stories was grandmother's tale of how "Neighbor Uncle 
Johnny Newell once went to mill. ' ' He had a trying 
time, over hill and dale and through the woods. The 
cart mired down at the edge of a muddy creek, later it 
upset on a treacherous hillside, and finally, on the 
homeward trip, a hungry panther followed him miles 
and miles ! I remember even yet the thrill which the 
imitation of the panther's screams caused, as they came 
nearer and nearer, and how relieved I felt when "Uncle 
Johnny" providentially thought of spilling a little pile 
of meal and sprinkling it with snuff. I heard with de- 
light that panther's enraged coughs, snorts, and sneezes, 
and saw Buck and Duke, stagger wildly, with long 
panting breaths and red sides heaving, down the last hill, 
through the last creek, and into a neighbor's yard where 
a gun was to be found. 

Wolves, panthers, and catamounts preyed upon the 
settler's stock ; the Indians stole his horses ; and prairie 
fires burned his buildings and destroyed his crops. 



THE STORY OF IOWA 29 

Winters were long and cold. Wind storms and heavy 
rainfalls did much damage in the summer. Added to 
this was the fever and ague, commonly known as "the 
shakes," caused by the decomposition of the freshly 
turned soil all about. Mails were few and far between. 
Sometimes the postage on a single letter was twenty -five 
cents. This was paid when the letter* was taken from 
the office. Sometimes if the settler was hard up, the 
good-natured storekeeper, who acted as postmaster, would 
hand over the letter and trust him until he could get the 
money. Of course, in those davs, no one wrote letters 
unless they were absolutely necessary. Money was too 
hard to get. Markets were few and far away. Set- 
tlers hauled wheat one hundred miles and then got but 
37^c a bushel, corn and oats sold for 8 and 10 cents per 
bushel, and the finest horses brought only $50. 

Every cloud has its silver lining, and so, among the 
perils and hardships of the settlers, there were threads 
of fun and royal good times. House-raisings, quiltings, 
husking-bees, apple-parings, wood-choppings, turkey- 
shooting, races, dancing, etc. , filled many a happy hour. 
Besides, "What splendid hunting and fishing the Iowa 
pioneers had!" The waters and hills and prairies 
were swarming with game. Buffalo did not survive the 
advent of the settler, but the elk, deer and bear, the wild 
turkey, the prairie chicken and the quail were shot in 
great numbers. ' ' 

IOWA AS A STATE 

Iowa became a state December 28, 1846. She was the 
twenty-ninth shite to enter the Union, and the fourth 
state carved from the Louisiana Purchase. Ansel Briggs 
was the first governor. The capitol building was then 

* There were no tavelopes. The letter was folded inside a blank 
paper, addressed, and sealed with a wafer of sealing wax. 



30 THE STORY OF IOWA 

located at Iowa City, but in obedience to the feeling that 
the seat of government should be nearer the center of 
the state, it was changed to Des Moines in 1857.* 

Iowa came into the Union as a free state. But slav- 
ery was a burning issue for years before the Civil War. 
Many of the settlers came from the South. A few of 
tliese had owned slaves, and all had lived in a community 
where slavery was the natural order of things. They 
had no sympathy for escaped slaves, and looked upon 
the Abolitionists as ' ' Nigger Stealers. ' ' When the Fuei- 
tive Slave Law was passed, compelling all citizens to aid 
in the capture of runaway slaves, these people were very 
willing to help. So an " Undergound Eailway" was 
formed by the negro sympathizers for the purpose of 
passing the blacks on to Canada. But it was a ''rail- 
way" only in name, and ''underground" really meant 
underhand, inasmuch as the route was kept very secret, 
the trips being mostly made at night. It ran from 
Tabor, in the southwestern part of the state, not far from 
the Missouri border-line, through Des Moines, Grinnell, 
Iowa City, West Liberty, and Low Moor, reaching the 
Mississippi at Clinton. Here the negroes were taken 
across the river in skiffs, passed by wagon to Union 
Grove, Illinois, and at length arrived on the shores of 
Lake Michigan, where transporation into Canada was 
furnished. Harboring slaves was desperate business, 
and only the bravest, most resolute men dared engage 
in it. Many of these were the liberty-lo\ing Quakers, 
who came to Iowa in great numbers from Pennsylvania. 

* The state effects were moved across country in bobsleds drawn 
by oxen. "The capitol building was in the midst of heavy woods, 
with squirrels, quail and grouse abundant. Along Four Mile 
Creek, to the east, were wild turkeys, and an occasional elk and 
deer. There were no sidewalks near the capitol. Hazel brush was 
dense. Not far off was a pond containing muskrats. The only 
bridge across the river was a pontoon structure." 
— Sabin ''The Making of Iowa. ^' 



THE STORY OF IOWA 31 

When the Civil War came, Iowa, spurred on by the 
efforts of patriotic Governor Kirkwood, ^ sent nearly 
80,000 men to help the cause. No soldiers were braver, 
none rose higher in the public eye, but we have not 
space for their deeds here. Aside from invasions by 
wandering bands of guerrillas^ and the murders committed 
by the Copperheads, ^ the tide of war touched Iowa but 
once. This was in the skirmish at Athens, some twenty 
miles north of Keokuk, where a number of lives were 
lost. 

' ' Tempered and welded by the flame of battle, ' ' Iowa 
emerged from the war to forge well among the front 
ranks of her sister states. Nothing shows her progress 
better, perhaps, than her magnificent, $3,000,000 capitol 
building, of which all her citizens are justly proud. She 
is one of the leading agricultural states. No other state in 
the Union has so large a number of acres in farms, and 
nowhere in the world are there finer herds of stock. 
She stands next to the top in the literacy of her people. 
More than $9,000,000 are used annually to keep up her 
public schools. The school buildings themselves are 
valued at more than eighteen million dollars. She has 
three state institutions for higher education, and there 
are colleges, business schools, academies, and public 
libraries without number. There is also a large list of 
benevolent and reformatory institutions. The well- 
ordered cities and towns speak highly for the morality 
and intelligence of her people. Her pulse beats high 
with hope for the future. She sits enthroned a ''Prairie 
Queen : 

I. The story is told that Kirkwood went to Washington to see 
President Lincoln. 'Well, Governor," said Lincoln, with his 
genial smile, what can I do for Iowa?" I have not come to see 
what 3/6>w can do for Iowa," answered Kirkwood quickly, "but 
what Iowa can do for you." 

2 . Guerilla — Wandering bands caring on irregular warfare. 

3. Copperhead — Confederate sympathizers. 



SEP 5 1912 

32 THE STORY OF IOWA 

"Her bauds are strong, her fame secure, 
Her praise on lips whose T:)raise is dear. 

Her heart and hope and x^urpose pure, 
And God in all her landscapes near. 

''Aye, splendid in her ample lap, 

Are annual harvests heaped sublime; 

Earth bears not, on her proudest map, 
A fatter soil, a fairer clime. 

How sing her billowy seas of grain! 

How laugh her fruits on vine and tree ! 
How glad her homes, in Plenty's reign, 

"\Miere Love is Lord and Worship free !' ' 
— Horatio N. Powers, 



INSTRUCTOR LITERATURE SERIES - Continued. 



History anu Biogfaphy 

5 Story of lyincoln — Reiter 
56 Indian Children Tales— 5«jA 
"79 Alvittle New Kngland Viking— i?a-^<?>' 

81 Story of D&Soto— Hatfield 

82 Story of Daniel Boore — Reiter 

83 Story of Printing— i^<::Ca*<f 

84 Story of David Crockett— ^^z7<rr 

85 Story of Patrick Henry— Littlefield 

86 American Inventors— I (Whitney and 

'Bu.lt.on)— Paris 

87 American Inventors— II (Morse and lS,ili- 

son)— Faris 

88 American Naval Heroes (Jones, Perry, 

Farragut) — Bush 

89 Fremont and Kit Carson— /udd 

178 Story of IvCxington and Bunker Hill. 

182 Story of Joan of Arc— Mc Fee 
Literature 

90 Selections from I^ougfellow- 1 

91 Story of Eugene Field— i^c 6a *<f 

195 Night before Christmas and OLher 
Christmas Poems and Stories. 

201 Alice's First Adventures in Wonder- 

land — Carroll 

202 Alice's Further Adventures in Wonder- 

land — Carroll 
207 Famous Artists II — Re3'nolds — Murillo 
III Water Babies (Abridged) — Kingsley 
35 Goody Two-Shoes 
103 Stories from the Old Testament— il/r/-^*? 

FIFTH YEAR 
Nature 

92 Animal lyife in the Sea— .1/r/r^ 

93 Story of ^\\^— Brown 

94 Story of Sugar — Reiter 

96 What We Drink (Tea, Coffee and Cocoa) 
139 Peeps into Bird Nooks, II — McFee 

210 Snowdrops and Crocuses — Mann 

History and Biograptiy 
16 Fxploratious of the Northwest 
80 Story of the Q.Q.)ao\.s—McBride 

97 Story of the Norsemen — Hanson 

98 Story of Nathan YLoXe-McCabe 

99 Story of Jefferson— AfcCadtf 
100 Storj' of B-yant — McFee 

loi Story of Robert FJ. Lee — McKane 

105 Story of Canada — Douglas 

106 Story of Mexico — McCabe 

107 Story of Robert LouisSteveuson— ^?<j/i 
141 Story of Grant— A/<:Aa«^ 

144 Story of Steam — McCabe 

145 Story of McKinley — McBride 

179 Story of the Flag — Baker 

190 Story of Father Hennepin— ^c^riV/^ 

191 Story of LaSalle — McBride 

185 Story of tlie First Crusade— Af^arf 

217 Story of Florence Nightingale— ^l/civ"^ 

218 Story of Peter Cooper— 7l/cF<?^ 
110 Story of Hawthorne— Afci^^^ 
232 Story of Shakespeare 

Literature 

8 King of the Golden River — Ruskin 

9 The Golden Touch— Hazv thorn e 

108 History in Verse (Sheridan's Ride, In- 

dependence Bell, etc.) 

180 Story of Aladdin andof Ali Baba — Lewis 

183 A Dog of Flanders— Z)^ la Ramee 



184 The Nurnberg Stove- /)<? la Ramee 

186 Heroes from King Arthur— &'7aw/« 
194 Whittier's Poems. Selected. 

:'g9 Jackanapes— ^zi'/;?^ 

200 The Child of Urbiuo— Z?^ la Ramee 

208 Heroes of Asgard— Selections— A'^arjj' 
212 Stories ^rom Robin \\<^odi— Bush 

234 Poems Worth Knowing— Book II~Inter- 
mediate 

SIXTH YEAR 
Natui? 
109 Gifts of the I<oresi Rubber, Cinchona, 

Resin, e;c,) — McFt.. 
Geography 

114 Great European Cities T (London and 

Paris) — Bias^t 

115 Gieat European Cities — i (Rome and 

'B&rlin)— Bush 
:58 Great European Citi^ -HI t,3t. Peters 

burg and Coustauiinople) — jb-'ish 
History and Biography 

116 Old English Heroes (Alfred, Richs'-d the 

Liou-Heatted, The Black Prince) 

117 Later English Heroes (Cromwell, Well- 

ington, Gladstone)— j5/<i/i 

160 Heroes of the Revolution — 7^;/i7A(jw 
163 Stories of Courage — Bush 

187 Lives of Webster and Claj' - Tiisttavi 
1S8 Story of Napoleon— i??^.s/i 

189 Stories o{\\ftxo'\v>n\—Bush 

197 Story of Lafayette— i?Mi// 

198 Storj' of Roger Williams — LeigJitou 

209 Lewis aud Clark Expedition- i'yr;'w^/r5w 
219 Stor3- of Iowa — McFee 

224 Story of William TcW—Hallock 
Literature 

10 The Snow Image — Hawthorne 

11 Rip Van Winkle — Irving 

12 Legend of Sleepy Hollow — Irving 
22 Rab and His Friends — Broicn 

24 Three Golden Apples— Hazv thorn e 

25 The Miraculous Pitcher — Hauthorne 

26 The Minotaur — Haivihorne 

119 Bryant's Thanatopsis ami Otbrr Poems 

120 Selections from Longfellow- II 

121 Selections from Holmes 

122 The Pied Piper of Hanielin — Bro7vni)ig 

161 The Great Carbuncle, Mr. Higgiu- 

botham's Catastrophe, Snowflakes— 
Ha2vthorne 

162 The P\-gmies — Hawthorne 

222 Kingsley's Greek Heroes — Paitl. Th? 

Story of Perseus 

223 Kingsley's Greek Heroes — Part II. The 

Story of Tiieseus 

225 Tennj'son's Poems — For various grades 
229 Responsive Bible Readings — Zeller 

SEVENTH YEAR 
Literature 

13 Courtship of Miles Standish 

14 Evangeline — Longfellow 
I": Snow Bound — li'iiiltier 

10 The Great Stone "Po-ce—Hawthorne 

123 Selections from Wordsworth 

124 Selections from Shelley and Keats 

125 Selections from Merchant of Venice 
147 Story of King Arthur as told by Tenny- 
son— //a//o^/fe 

Continued on next page 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




INSTRUCTOR LITERATURJ 

149 Man Without a Countrv, The— //a/^ 142 Scott's I Ok OIIC fllQO aA-T o 

192 Story of Jean Valjean.' 154 Scott's] /" ^'■^ ^^'^ 3*1 / J ( 

193 Selectious from the Sketch Book. 143 Building of the Ship and Other I'oems— 
196 Tlie Gray Champion — Hawthorne Long fellow 

213 Poems of Thomas Moore — Selected 148 Horatius, Ivry, The Armada — Macaulay 

216 Ivamb's Tales from Shakespeare— Select- 150 Bunker Hill Address— Selections from 

ed the Adams and JeflFerson Oration— 

231 The Oregon Trail{Condensed from Park- Webster 

man) 151 Gold Bug, The— /'o^ 

238 Lamb's Adventures of Ulysses— Part I 153 Prisoner of Chillon and Other Poems— 

239 Lamb's Adventures of Ulysses— Part II Byio7i 

KniriHXH x/cAD ^55 Rhoecus and Other Poems- -Zo7£'^// 

Ciunin YtiAK 156 Edgar Allan Poe— Biography and Se- 
Literature . lected Poems— Z/«/fe 

17 Knoch Arden— 7"<?nMjjo« 158 Washington's Farewell Address and 

18 Vision of Sir J^aunfal— Lowell Other Papers 

19 Cotter'sSaturday Night— i?7<»wj 169 Abram Joseph Ryan — Biography and 
23 The Deserted ViWage— Goldsmith Selected Foems—Stm'th 

126 Rime of the Ancient Mariner 170 PaulH. Hayne — Biographj' and Selected 

127 Grays Elegy and Other Poems Poems— Link 

128 Speeches of Lincoln 215 Life of Samuel Johnson — Macaiilav 

129 Selections from Julius Caesar 221 Sir Roger de Coverly Papers— yJrf<//,WM 

130 Selections from Henry the Eighth 237 Lay of the Last Minstrel- ^ro//. lutro- 

131 Selections from Macbeth " duction and Canto I 

Price 5 Cents Each. Postage, 1 Cent per copy extra. Order by Number. 

Twelve or more cojiies sent prepaid sit 60 cents per dozen or $5.00 per hundred. 



Annotated Classics and Supplementary Readers 

In addition to the Five Cent books given above the Instructor Series includes the 
following titles. Most of tlicse are carefully ed. ted by cai)able teachers of English, 
with Introduction, Notes and Outlines for Study, as" noted. They are thoroughly 
adapted for class use and study as needed in various grades. Prices^after each book. 

250 Evang:eline. Longfellow. With bio- 
graphical sketch, historical introduc- 
tiou, oral and written exercises and 
notes lOc 

251 Courtship of Miles Standish. Longfel- 
low. With Introduction and Notes. 10c 

252 Vision of Sir Launfal. Lowell. Biograph- 
ical sketch, introdixction, notes, ques- 
tions and outlines for study 10c 

253 Enoch Arden. Tennyson. Biographi- 
cal sketch, introduction, explanatory 
notes, outlines for study and questions 

10c 



254 Great Stone Face. Hawthorne. Bio 
graphical sketch, introduction, notes, 
questions and outlines for studj- 10c 

354 Cricicet on the Hearth. Chas. Dickens. 
Complete 10c 

255 Browning's Poems. Selected poems 
with notes and outlines ior study. ..10c 

256 Wordsworth's Poems. Selected poems 
with introduction, notes and outlines 
for study 10c 

257 Sohrab and Rustum. Arnold. With in- 
troduction, notes and outlines for 
studv 10c 

258 The Children's Poet. A study of Long- 
fellow's poetry for children of the pri- 



mary grades, with explanations, lan- 
guage exercises, outlines, written and 
oral work, with selected poems. Bv 
Lillie Faris, Ohio Teachers College, 
Athens, Ohio lOc 

259 A Christmas Carol. Charles Dickens. 
Com])Iete 10c 

260 Familiar Legends. Inez N, McFee. A 
book of old tales retold for young 
people 10c 

261 Some Water Birds. Inez N. McFee. 
Description, habits, and stories of, for 
Fourth to Sixth grades 10c 

350 Hiawatha. Longfellow. With intro- 
duction and notes 15c 

352 Milton's ninor Poems. Edited by Cy- 
rus Laurou Hooper. Biographical 
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cal comments and pronouncing vocab- 
ulary of proper names 15c 

353 Silas Marner. Eliot. Biographical 
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Normal College, Athens, O. 230 pages. 

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In cloth binding 30c 



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